Full Article: PDF
Scientific Object Identifier: http://s-o-i.org/1.1/TAS-01-153-26
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15863/TAS.2026.01.153.26
Language: English
Citation: Mohammed, A.A., & Abdalkariem, A.N. (2026). Anatomical Variations of Superficial Veins in the Cubital Fossa: A Meta-Analysis Review. ISJ Theoretical & Applied Science, 01 (153), 203-205. Soi: https://s-o-i.org/1.1/TAS-01-153-26 Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.15863/TAS.2026.01.153.26 |
Pages: 203-205
Published: 30.01.2026
Abstract: Superficial veins in the cubital fossa are widely used for venipuncture, transfusion, and intravenous therapy. Anatomical variations in these veins—cephalic, basilic, median cubital, and median antebrachial—affect clinical procedures and complication rates. This meta-analysis review synthesizes data from global studies, including new observations from North West Ethiopia (400 subjects, 800 arms). Four major venous patterns were identified: type 1 (58.5%), type 2 (18.6%), type 3 (14%), and type 4 (8.9%). Sex influenced pattern distribution, with females more likely to have types 1 and 2, and males types 3 and 4. No significant differences were observed between right and left arms. Pooled analysis confirms type 1 as the most common pattern worldwide. Understanding these variations is essential for clinicians to reduce venipuncture complications and for anatomical education.
Key words: Cubital fossa, superficial veins, anatomical variations, meta-analysis, venipuncture.
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